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Figure 3.2. Illustrative use of deductive logic The next step is to see if the expected or hypothesized relationship is found. This test is the same as described earlier for inductive logic. To illustrate hypothesis testing, we have modified Fattah's analysis a bit. We show the measures of individual modernism as varying from 0 to 14 and from 0 to 10 for the participation of wives in family financial decision-making. With the variables expressed as numbers, we can plot the set for each wife, as shown in Figure 3.2 (B). Next, we draw a line that comes the closest to the largest number of dots (Figure 3.2 (C)). This line describes graphically the relationship that was observed between the two variables. After drawing the line that best fits the pattern of dots, we can remove the dots, and have only the line, as shown in Figure 3.2 (D). We do not expect the empirical pattern shown in Figure 3.2 (D) to match the line in Figure 3.2 (A) exactly. Rather, we would inspect the line to see if it was in the predicted direction. In our example, we found an empirical relationship, as shown in Figure 3.2 (D). In this illustration, the two match pretty closely: Therefore, we would conclude that the hypothesized positive relationship was supported Deductive and inductive logic combined In practice, both forms of logic are used in n used together, the process is referred to as a hypothetical-inductive operation. First deductive logic is used to derive a hypothesis from a theoretical framework. The researcher then switches to use of inductive logic to test the hypothesis. The results of the inductive process become the conclusion of the study. This conclusion may then be extended as a generalization or be used to suggest new topics or hypotheses for further research. |
